Reconstruction The Burning Years - 10732 Words

DAN GORMAN [Opening Narration]: The following program contains strong language and disturbing thematic content. Listener discretion is advised. (beat) From — — — Productions: RECONSTRUCTION: THE BURNING YEARS. (Music) D.G.: Good evening. My name is Dan Gorman. Like many of you, I didn’t learn much about Reconstruction in high school. I had a wonderful teacher who did much to show the nuances of American history, such as the effects of states’ rights and slavery on the Civil War. Still, my teacher, along with the A.P. exam, the state curriculum, and our textbooks, moved quickly past Reconstruction. I assumed that, aside from the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments and some Ku Klux Klan violence, there wasn’t much else to the story, that†¦show more content†¦Apathy, negligence, pathos – it is the stuff of Greek myth, yet in Reconstruction it all became real. The burning years of Reconstruction are ones that textbook writers, politicians, and some historians would rather pretend didn’t happen. Many good and hard-working teachers are themselves never taught about Reconstruction, so the great national forgetting of Reconstruction gets perpetuated again when t hose teachers enter the classroom. This is what you must know: Although the Union Army won the combat phase of the Civil War, the war didn’t end in 1865. Rather, the war continued until white supremacists regained full political control of the South in 1877. You could even say that, in the long run, the former Confederates won the Civil War. (beat) Tonight’s program fuses two genres to tell the true story of Reconstruction. This program is a documentary, based on revisionist historical research. In recent years, historians have expanded the study of Reconstruction to include the beginning of American imperialism, the settling of the West, the Indian Wars, and the creation of the reservation system. Although these topics run concurrently and cross paths with Reconstruction, tonight we will be focusing on the core region of the time period – the occupied and seriously damaged South. This program is also a drama. Actors interpret the words of those who experienced Reconstruction. Many of our

Research Study On Homeless People With Disability

CHAPTER: 4 DATA ANALYSES After completion of data collection the data entered into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 20.0 software) for analyzing the data. The data set consisted of a total of 86 variables. In the study there are eighty six variables included in SPSS. In this research study the Homeless People with Disability is the respondent. The findings of this study are discussed in this chapter. Demographical Profile Homeless people with disability residing in the Shivaji Nagar, govandi, chembur, cheeta camp, lallubhai compound, R.C.F marg which is located in M East ward of Mumbai were interviewed for collecting data. A purposive as well as snowball sampling was used, in that sample will select physical (orthopaedic impairments), visual impairments, hearing and speech intellectual disability. A total of 60 HPWD were spoken to covering 87% single individual HPWD and 13% families. 32 males and 28 females overall were interviewed. In this research 63.3 % respondent have Orthopedic impairment, 18.3% visual impairment, 3.3% hearing and speech impairment and 15% respondent having intellectual impairment. Findings regarding the educational status of Homeless people with disability indicate that 61 percent (37 respondents) are illiterate while 18 percent (11 respondents) have not completed primary education. 7 percent of parents (4 respondents) have completed primary schooling while 8 percent have compl eted secondary schooling. The data shows that theShow MoreRelatedThe Constitutional Provisions Of India1112 Words   |  5 PagesDEFINITIONS Disability as defined by the Act (Person with Disability Act, 1995) covers blindness, low vision, leprosy-cured, hearing impairment, locomotor disability, mental retardation and mental illness as well as multiple disability. (l) Impairment - Missing or defective body part, an amputated Limb, paralysis after polio, restricted pulmonary capacity, diabetes, nearsightedness, mental retardation, limited hearing capacity, facial disfigurement or other abnormal condition. (m) Disabilities - As aRead MoreThe Population Of Urban Areas Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION According to census defined homeless as houseless households. Households which do not live in buildings or census house but live in the open or roadside, pavement, in Hume-pipes, under fly over and staircase, or in the open in places of worship, man daps, railway platform etc. Are treated as homeless households. Households living in dilapidated homes or households without access to basic amenities, infrastructure or services apart from households with too many members living under aRead MoreCauses Of Homelessness1405 Words   |  6 PagesAfter doing much research, I have learned that to develop awareness and interventions to be able to help the homeless population, we must understand their mental health and behavioral needs. The information they all share in common are the factors why a specific type of population became homeless. The interrelation of homelessness and mental illness are informed by many factors such as; the lack of support, extreme poverty, substance abuse, lack of affordable health insurance, and lack of affordableRead MoreFive Myths About America1082 Words   |  5 Pagesout America Five myths about America s homeless By Dennis Culhane Sunday, July 11, 2010 Last month, the Obama administration released a plan designed to end homelessness in 10 years. The goal reflects new optimism among academics and advocates that homelessness is not an intractable feature of urban life, as it has sometimes seemed, but a problem that can be solved. This belief is fueled by recent research debunking a number of long-standing myths about homelessness in America -- and showingRead MoreThe Health Impact Of Supportive Housing For Hiv Positive Homeless Patients : A Randomized Controlled Trial1123 Words   |  5 PagesPositive Homeless Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. American Journal of Public Health, S675-S680. Cropsey, K. L., Wexler, H. K., Melnick, G., Taxman, F. S., Young, D. W. (2007). Specialized Prisons and Services Results From A National Survey. The Prison Journal, 58-85. Hunt, M., Zacharias, J. (2008). Market the Imaginary of Montreal s (Gay Village. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 28-57. Kennedy, E., Kng, L. (2014). Improving Access to Benefits for Persons with Disabilities Who WereRead MoreEssay on Homeless in America1648 Words   |  7 PagesHomeless in America Homelessness affects millions of Americans each year, with approximately one third of this population suffering from severe mental disorders. In Las Cruces we have a number of homeless people that have a mental disorder. Las Cruces does not provide the homeless mentally ill with sufficient services. it is necessary to provide them with support, protection, treatment, and rehabilitation. 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Households which do not live in buildings or census house but live in the open or roadside, pavement, in Hume-pipes, under fly over and staircase, or in the open in places of worship, man daps, railway platform etc. Are treated as homeless households. Households living in dilapidated homes or households without access to basic amenities, infrastructure or services apart from households with too many members livingRead MoreResearch Development For Hope For Homeless1718 Words   |  7 PagesVincente Montez Higginbotham Marketing and Advertising 9 November 2015 Research Development for Hope for Homeless Introduction Background: â€Å"Life, liberty, and property.† The words of John Locke that influenced neglected colonist to revolt against their derelict rulers in a Pursuit of Happiness. Yet, the very nation once inspired by his writing has not committed to these ideas. With such a shockingly large homeless population one should assume these ideas have been abandoned by the society.Read MoreThe National Law Center On Homelessness Poverty Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pageswith others due to economic necessity. According to Point-in-Time Count, San Diego had 8,692 homeless people. Almost 3,800 of them were sleeping in emergency shelters or transitional housing. The Count showed more than 5000 people were unsheltered. Some slept in cars, sidewalks or abandoned building. Moreover, 61%of the homeless people in shelters were children and 40% were families and 1157 were homeless veterans. Two advocates put this dilemma of the issue of â€Å"falling from the scene† into perspective:

How can Greggs improve the validity free essay sample

How can Greggs improve the validity of the information gathered from Market Research In order to answer this task, I will suggest methods of how Greggs can improve the validity of the information gathered from primary and secondary research. First I will briefly explain the different types of information that Greggs could gather for market research. Primary Research Primary data is when you collect and gather the data first hand in the form of a questionnaire, survey, telephone or interview. This data is specific to the company and did not exist beforehand. Sometimes referred to as field research. Advantages; Specific to the needs of the company Collected for a purpose, Applicable It is up to date and reliable Disadvantages; Expensive to gather Time consuming to gather and process Not immediately available/accessible Secondary Research With secondary data, it has already been collected by someone else and is available to your company through books, internet, statistics, accounts or independent forecasting groups. We will write a custom essay sample on How can Greggs improve the validity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sometimes referred to as desk research. Advantages; Inexpensive Easily accessible Can be used to predict financial problems Quickly becomes out-dated Not specific or applicable Unreliable Choosing the type of research So which type of data is better for Greggs; Primary or Secondary? In order to make an informed decision, they would need a mix of these types to get good valid research. However there are advantages and disadvantages to both methods. Primary data is good because; it is specific to the needs of Greggs so it can be used for a purpose or used to answer a specific question and it is up to date. Also, this data was collected by Greggs and for Greggs alone. This would give them a competitive edge over other rganisations because they do not have access to the same information. Primary information can be expensive to gather and it is not easily accessible once gathered. It needs to be processed so it can be used for decision making, and this can take a relatively long time. Secondary data is a lot cheaper to gather then Primary because the information already exists. This makes it easily accessible and will lower the costs of processing the data. Also, if Greggs looks at past secondary data, they could analyse it and it could alert them to future financial problems. The main problem information is usually available to the public which includes competitors. The data is not specific to Greggss needs and may not be applicable at all. So both types of information are needed in good primary research. Greggs should find a balance between the two. Some types of information are more appropriate for certain purposes. For example, if Greggs wanted to find out about demand for a new product or services, primary data would be more appropriate. This is because they can actually ask the customers whether or not they would buy/use the product/service. Secondary research may be able to tell Greggs about certain trends or patterns in the market, but it will not tell them directly whether there is a demand or not. Data can also be Quantitative or Qualitative. Greggs can improve their market research methods by choosing the appropriate types for certain tasks. Quantitative Typically numerical data. Hard data used to measure or quantify e. g. 10 people buy a.. Qualitative Attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, opinions. More complex data, sometimes called Soft data. Companies gain quantitative data through Sales fgures and government tatistics. Greggs, for example, might want to look for trends in sales by analysing sales fgures, or gauge the external labour market by using Government statistics for unemployment etc. This data is represented numerically and has to be processed before used for decision making. This quantitative information is often used during market research when gathering information in huge quantities. It will then be processed and displayed in a chart or graphically, to make it more accessible for the user. It is a lot quicker to gather quantitative information than it is to gather ualitative information. For example, if Greggs carry out a questionnaire, most of the questions should be designed to gather quantitative information. An example of a quantitative question is Would you buy this product? or How many times do you visit Greggs per week? . This information is designed to be gathered on a large scale. Due to the quantitative nature of the questions, it needs to be carried out on a huge scale to get an accurate respresentation of the market. This can be difficult and expensive for Greggs, but if they want valid primary information this is what they ust do. Greggs will collect qualitative data through interviews and focus groups. They might use this when dealing with peoples opinions and beliefs related to a new service they are offering or a new product development they are planning to release. This specific feedback will directly help Greggs make decisions regarding these new ventures. However, due to it being harder and slower to gather than quantitative information, Greggs will not be able to take information from large amounts of people. This increases the risk of bias in the feedback and may not accurately epresent the overall market. This research cannot be carried out on a huge scale, due to the complex nature of the answers. For example, if an individual is giving a complex opinion, that answer is completely unique to that one person. If there is thousands of interviewees, each with their own answer to the question, it would be extremely hard to collect and then analyse. The risk of bias is increased due to the relatively small scale of the research, and the interviewees could be influenced by the into a table or spreadsheet. Greggs will need some sort of qualitative data, however. Greggs must gather both types of information to get a good picture of the market, and to ensure the validity of the research. As said earlier, some types of research are more appropriate for certain aspects of market research. Greggs will need to use an effective mix of these types to gather valid research. For example, if Gregg wants to find out how much customers will pay for the product/service, they will need primary research. Secondary research is not appropriate because it does not gather from the actual target audience and it will not apply to Greggs. After deciding on primary esearch, Greggs need to choose between quantitative and qualitative data. Qualitative data is beliefs, opinions and attitudes; so it is not appropriate for finding out the price that customers are prepared to pay. Quantitative is used when gathering large amount of information on a large scale, and is suitable for analysis using conventional methods e. g. Spreadsheets, charts. Quantitative is the ideal type of information for this research because it has all of the appropriate characteristics that Greggs require. So the information gathered for this question will be both Primary and Quantitative. A situation where Greggs might need to gather qualitative information is when asking the question; What do you think about the product? . Obviously, this answer cannot be represented numerically. This is also hard to carry out on a large scale, because it is hard to analyse large amounts of complex information and opinions. This information cannot be analysed using conventional methods such as graphs and spreadsheets. The information gathered by this method will give Greggs exclusive access to research which is specific to Greggs.

Jesse Jaramillo; Zihang Liu Essays - Economics, Economy, Greg Mankiw

Jesse Jaramillo; Zihang Liu Hala Sun Writing 2 26 November 2017 Writing in Economics and Mathematics Field All academic fields involve some kind of writing. Being able to understand writings in your particular field is crucial in determining your success in your career. Of course, varied fields have even more varied writing styles. Literacy is important because it allows members of all fields to read each other's pieces and come to understanding. It allows us all in the academic community to discuss our ideas, learn, and solve major problems. Where the lines blur between fields is where real life issues need to be solved. In this essay we will discuss the unique writing styles in Economics and Math using example texts and interviews with experts in the respective fields. Economics, as a field, is the study of scarcity and what people do with limited resources. Economics, in its broadest sense, deals with production and consumption. The limited resources that are factors of production, the acquisition and consumption of those products are all covered in this wide-reaching field. Economics is heavily driven in theory and research, and there are not many new developments in the field. In other words, the theories that drive Economics are not challenged or changed often. So that the sources Economists can used are in smaller scope compared with in other field. In an interview with a UCSB Economics professor Jesse asked "What is considered good' writing in your field? What should you always and never do?" He answered that a good writing in Economics must be clear, precise, systematic, and use common language. This is summed up well in the introduction to chapter two of the textbook Principles of Macroeconomics by Gregory Mankiw, "Every field of study has its own language and its own way of thinking. Mathematicians talk about axioms, integrals, and vector spaces.[...] Economics is no different. Supply, demand, elasticity, comparative advantage, consumer surplus, deadweight loss--these terms are part of the economist's language." ( Principles of Macroeconomics , pg. 19). It boils down to using common and agreed upon language so that your peers in you field are able to understand your writing. This is extremely important to the clarity of the text. Without common language, passages like, "Because the tax change would alter the incentive for households to save at any given interest rate, it would affect the quantity of loanable funds supplied at each interest rate. Thus, the supply of loanable funds would shift."( Principles of Macroeconomics , pg. 268) would be unclear and lose meaning. Terms like, "loanable funds" and "interest rate" allow the reader, an economics student, to follow the text and comprehend the meaning. We can expect other economic texts about this topic to use the same terms. In the same interview Jesse asked the Economics professor, "What are some things you are expected to know in your field?" He answered that as Economists, we are expected to know basic problems, basic math, statistics, measurements of economic quantities, Supply and Demand, and other theories. There are a lot of basic economic ideas that are needed to understand economic writings. Without knowledge of the basic principles, any writing expanding on these subjects would be lost on the reader. These are foundation pieces on which Economists build their arguments on. We can see how basic concepts are used in order to further the discussion in Nature Genetics, "Casting genomic research as a government priority sent the message that the genome is a public good, that scientific findings were accountable to US taxpayers and that private investment in genomics would be accompanied by vigorous discussion of rules for participation in the new knowledge."( Nature Genetics , pg. 71 5). In this example we can see that the basic knowledge of what private investment and public good are allows us to comprehend the statement made. With basic understanding of foundational concepts, we are able to decipher texts that would otherwise be much too complex to understand. Graphs are used often in Economics. The ability to understand the graph and the theory in the graph is essential in understanding economics. In Figure 1 we can see the changes in Supply and Demand. This (Figure 1, Principles

Gattace essays

Gattace essays Gattaca shows us the dangers of uncontrolled technology. I definitely feel that Gattaca illustrates this very well. This movie was made sometime ago and though genetic engineering and modification is something that has been around for some time now, it has progressed so much more in recent years, and it can be quite scary to some. Gattaca presents a world that states most of our fears of what could result from genetic engineering. We see this through the apparent lack of humanity and oppressive society that Gattaca lies within; people cease to be human, genes replace identities, and the manufacturing of society functions on science in a cold manner. This point is demonstrated throughout the movie; many of the characters are presented as cold and institutionalized peoplefor example, when Vincent and Irene begin to develop their relationship it appears to be somewhat cold. Rather than first getting to know Vincent as a person Irene takes Vincents hair to be sequenced and sees that he is suitable to start a relationship with. The masses of perfectly groomed, identically black suited men and women filing into Gattaca, having no conversation or interaction with each other, create a sense that this society is a bleak look into the future. After watching this movie you become aware that much this very same type of biogenetic engineering is actually going on now, this is becoming more of a reality and increasingly more so in the future. In Gattaca, parents pay to create designer babies with genetic interference to ensure that they have all the perfection possibly. Likewise in this day and age, plastic surgery, botox injections and other such advanced technology have become massively accessible, particularly for those who have the money to spend on it. Some people will do whatever it takes, and will go to extreme measures to have perfectly flawless bodies or to try and sustain their youthful looks. There ...

College Essay Helper

College Essay Helper College Essay Helper Very often a piece of professional college essay helpturns out to be very useful to receive. Many students wish to get college essay help within a short period of time. It happens because students should do a lot of things during their study as well as in their personal lives. To avoid the disappointment with the studying, it is a good idea to take advantage of college essay help We are here 24/7 to assist you and offer professional college essay help. With our help, the process of college essays writing becomes more interesting and easier for students. We deliver written college essays on time and we do not plagiarize. What else? We listen to your concerns and offer free revisions within 24 hours. Our writing services come with many guarantees and you should not worry about anything. College Essay Ideas Once you have finished generating some preliminary ideas for your essay, developing an outline is the next step. Developing an outline will save you time and aggravation by helping you to organize your ideas and create a structure. There are many ways to order details, and here are three common ones: Chronological order: arranges details across time. This method is useful for crafting a narrative, but it can also be used for ordering the details of a process. Spatial order: arranges details as they appear across space; i.e. from front to back, top to bottom, left to right. Progressive order: arrange details from the least to the most important, compelling, interesting, etc. This order is very useful for argumentation-persuasion papers because it helps you lead up to a final main point that will convince your reader. Many students avoid the outlining process because they believe it only involves the very formal outline with roman numerals and letters. For very formal research papers, this outline can be very helpful. There are other, less formal options, however. In a few minutes, youll see some different ways to structure your outline. First, though, you should note the following guidelines for writing an outline: Develop a working thesis. The working thesis is not set in stone, and you can feel free to revise it as you write. Consider your context. Remember the ideas covered in lesson 1. You should always consider your purpose, audience, and role. Be flexible: As you develop your outline, you may notice that you develop new ideas or that some of your original ideas no longer fit. Again, feel free to revise the outline as you move through the process. Return to idea generation, if necessary. If you notice that you are having significant difficulties coming up with an outline, it could signify you have not yet developed enough ideas. College Essay Helper Online In addition, take into account that our professional college essay helpers are always online to assist you with professional college essay writing. While you may not know how to write a good essay, we are knowledgeable and trained in academic writing! Read more: Essay Example on Cause of Crime Deforestation Essay Conformity Essay Professional Editing Service Editorial Essay Topics

Optional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Optional - Essay Example The transistors in the processing chips have continually reduced in size leading to the possibility of measuring them on basis of atomic scale. According to Hagar, 2011, the atomic scale perception of transistors allows QC to deploy quantum mechanics that are governed by wave and relativity laws. While digital computing uses bits, QC uses qubits. A bit represents 0 or 1. A qubit represents 0, 1 and any other superposition possible from the qubit values. This implies that while bits can only contain a particular value, qubits contain a vast amount of values. It is worth noting that QC is capable of undertaking multiple calculations while conventional computing would only partake to one calculation at a time. In addition, QC processes large volumes of data at the same time. It swiftly and accurately solves large relative mathematical problems such as the nondeterministic polynomial (NP) calculations. Chemistry uses the computer to model medicine molecules that are very sophisticated. In order to achieve this, complex calculations (Schrodinger Equation) guide in developing the model structure. The complexity of the medicine structure doubles with each electron added to the basic structure, which is a building block, such that there is a limit past which the conventional computing mechanism is overwhelmed. Currently, computers are only able to model molecular structure not exceeding 300 electrons. Quantum computing can solve SE equations with more than 30 electrons due to its ability to integrate, float and portray basic vast values as mere constitutes to infinite combinations. Systems rely on certain features of data encryption to safeguard sensitive information in banking or transaction activities. RSA is the unbreakable encryption system recognized today because it uses about 300 character integers to encode data. Any attempts to deceiver the encryption require large

Engineering Technology and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Engineering Technology and Society - Essay Example In these days, container designs for medications are a result of two disciplines: graphics and engineering, combined together to create better solutions for medication efficacy while these are kept. Innovations include contours with bump outs for easy patient grip when opening these containers, or removable rings for colour code prescriptions (Hafferty, 2010). Or, added ease with pliable ergonomic stoppers apart from utilisation considerations to protect product quality during shipment and in storage. Functionality involves structure, user friendliness in the simple dispensing of a dosage without need for assistance (Butchli, 2010); specialized packaging to unit-dose (Weeren et al 2002), labelling regulatory texts and standard brand imagery (Butchli, 2010). Given the broadness of available technologies, pharmaceutical containers sit a critical concern because efficacy directly affects health, impacts on brand differentiation and competitor edge. Containers protect against environmental factors as moisture, light or oxygen in the delivery of NDSS (Novel Drug Delivery Systems or medications described as oral, nasal, pulmonary, transdermal or needle free). The Institute for International Research has carried out several presentations on the relevance of a combined approach of scientific and business sense, and a marked cooperation between graphics and engineering to reach stability and shelf life (Weeren et al 2002). Resistance to various physical or chemical reactions and contamination is the aspect of a drug known as stability. Typically, it is assumed that medications kept in closed containers remain unchanged within its shelf life. The rate of change or degradation is expressed in terms of, drug A which degrades by hydrolysis to degradant B thus A + H2O B Or reduction in the concentration of A with time is the same as the rate constant of the

The Aborigines Act of 1905 Essay Example for Free

The Aborigines Act of 1905 Essay The Aborigines Act of 1905 supposed to be an act that raised provision for the better protection and care of the Aboriginal inhabitants of Western Australia; however in reality the real purpose of the act was not to make the general wellbeing of the Aborigines better, it was to control every movement they made and have power over every aspect of their lives. The following essay discusses several of the clauses in the text that prove its intention most deceiving, and what the act truly accomplished. Clause 4 declares that there is to be an Aborigines Department under the Minister whose duty is to promote the welfare of the aborigines by providing them with food, clothing, medicine and medical attendance when they would otherwise be destitute, providing for the education of aboriginal children, and generally assisting in the preservation and well-being of the aborigines. This is the only clause in the whole of the Act that sees to the rights of the aborigines. Clause 8 of the Act states that the Chief Protector is to be the legal guardian of every Aboriginal and half-caste child until they attain the age of sixteen; as well as Clause 60 again highlighting that the governor has custody of the Aborigines and half-caste providing for their care and education. They saw the parents as unfit to raise their own children; they didn’t want them teaching their traditional ways and so, against a parent’s basic right, they took the children and raised them under European light. According to clause 12 the minister may cause any Aboriginal to be removed and kept within the boundaries of a reserve, or to be removed from one reserve or district to another. The government had the power to just remove any aboriginal from their homes whenever they felt fit and place them in a completely different district. Not only was this most inconvenient for them in ways any being would understand, it was damaging to their cultural identity and the spiritual belonging to a home land. As far as employment went; clause 17 states that it was against the law to employ any indigenous person without permit from the chief protector, which was difficult to obtain. Even if they were given permit, clause 22 said that they had to be paid with rations rather than money like the whites- in efforts to control everything they owned. If they were unhappy in the job in which they were employed, clause 58 said that if they wanted to leave the jobs, it would be an offence against the act and they were liable to imprisonment. The question we have to ask ourselves again is ‘how was this in any way beneficial to their wellbeing’? Under Australian law, it is illegal to arrest any person without warrant. On the contrary; clause 55 stated that it was perfectly lawful to arrest any aboriginal or half-caste without warrant who offends any provisions against the Act. Which brings us to Clause 52, which established that any Aboriginal or half-caste was deemed to be proved guilty in the absence of proof to the contrary; In other words, guilty until proven innocent. Who would defend them? How would they prove themselves innocent? Furthermore, who would believe their word for it? What this basically meant was that any Indigenous could be imprisoned for the smallest of accusations without a second thought. In conclusion, to call the Aborigine’s act of 1905 unjust is an understatement. The many clauses mentioned proved the said purpose of the act as for the better protection and care of the aboriginal inhabitants was misleading and far from the truth. The overall impact of most of the clauses would be deemed an outrage in the white society and certainly would not be accepted let lone tolerated.

Amish Culture :: Amish Culture Cultural Essays

All students should take notice and interest in cultural diversity. There are numerous different cultures in America. One in particular is the Amish culture, which I would like to familiarize you with. The Amish culture consists of many unique beliefs that makes their ways unlike that of any other culture. They lead a life of simplicity and yet have very harsh ways of doing things. The Amish is perhaps the most diverse culture in the entire United States. The Amish of Pennsylvania and Ohio greatly differ with the rest of American society. "Although the Amish look like they stepped out of the rural nineteenth century, in fact they do change," (Amish Cultures). Their lives move more slowly than ours, but they definitely are not stuck anywhere. They move on slowly but surely. Instead of accepting new technology like the rest of American society, they choose to examine change carefully before they approve of it. If the new idea or gadget does not succeed in keeping their lives simple and their families together, they will most likely reject it. Family is among the most important values the Amish stress. They don't like to let anything break their family ties. The fact that they have li ved this way for hundreds of years and not allowed the "modern" world to deter them from their pursuit of their service to God, is truly unbelievable. As mentioned earlier, the Amish do not like anything technologized in fear that it will break the family up. In actuality, they are completely right. If you take a look at an Amish family and compare it to an average American family, you would see major differences. The average American family would be very divided. You'd find the children and parents watching T.V., accessing computers, surfing the internet, playing video games, etc. In the Amish family, everyone would gather together to eat, work, and play. The Amish keep their materials basic. This way they are certain no technological advance can pull them apart. "Old order groups all drive horses and buggies rather than cars, do not have electricity in their homes. Bottled gas is used to operate water heaters, modern stoves and refrigerators. Gas-pressured lanterns and lamps are u sed to light homes, barns, and shops," (The Amish People 14). The Amish place very large emphasis on humanity, family, community, and separation with the rest of the world. They place value on simplicity and self-denial, whereas, typical Americans cherish comfort, convenience and leisure.

Major Players in Indian Real Estate Sector

India’s real estate market is on a high growth curve. The industry is projected to grow to US$50 billion by the end of FY2010 at an average rate of 20%. Looking at the bigger picture, the recession seems like a hiccup. Despite talks of price correction, the worse is definitely behind us. In this feature, we present our list of market leaders. The task was dauntingand complicated. Instead of a list that says India’s Top 20, we divided the players regionally based on their headquarters. Many are national players but some are purely regional players and hence it would be unfair to compare them.The idea was to identify national as well as local leaders. Of course, all such lists are subject to market dynamics. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES FROM NORTH DLF Ltd Headed by:  Dr Kushal Pal Singh, Chairman About:  With a track record of 64 years, DLF is India’s largest real estate company in terms of revenues, earnings, market capitalization and developable area. It current ly has pan India presence across 30 cities with approximately 238 million sq ft of completed development and 413 million sq ft of planned projects, of which 56 million sq ft of projects are under construction during FY10.Project Spectrum: Residential, townships, commercial complexes, IT Parks, hotels, multiplexes, etc. Quick fact:  Only listed real estate Company included in the BSE Sensex, NSE Nifty, MSCI India Index and MSCI Emerging Markets Asia Index. Latest: Will take its luxury mall DLF Emporio (already operational in New Delhi) to other big cities such as Hyderabad and Chennai. OMAXE LTD Headed by:  Rohtas Goel, CMD About:  Over the past 22 years, Omaxe has established itself through diverse range of residential and commercial projects. The company at present has 53 projects under execution and planning.Omaxe Ltd was the first Construction Company of northern India to receive an ISO 9001:2000 Certification. Project Spectrum: Integrated townships, Group housing, SEZs, Sh opping malls & commercial complexes and hotels. Latest: Has entered into infrastructure sector through Omaxe Infrastructure & Construction Ltd (OICL), a wholly owned subsidiary. OICL has bagged the first contract to construct Highway and three high level bridges in Punjab. The contract is awarded by Greater Mohali Area Development Authority and its value is pegged at Rs704 million. UNITECH Headed by:  Ramesh Chandra, Executive ChairmanAbout:  Established in 1972, Unitech is today India’s leading real estate developer in India. It is the first developer to have been certified ISO 9001:2000 in North India. Project Spectrum: Unitech offers diversified projects across residential, commercial/IT parks, retail, hotels, amusement parks and SEZs segments. Unitech was the first real estate company to be part of the National Stock Exchange’s NIFTY 50 Index. The company has over 600,000 shareholders. Unitech and Norway based Telenor Group came together to build Uninor  œ a telecommunication services company providing GSM services across India.Latest: Has ventured into the infrastructure business by launching Unitech Infra. ANSAL API Headed by:  Sushil Ansal, Chairman About:  Established in 1967 as a family business, Ansal API today is clearly amongst the real estate leaders of India. Having established itself very strongly in the NCR region, Ansal API is now focusing on ventures in cities like Bhatinda, Mohali, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Ajmer, Sonepat, Panipat, Karnal, Kurukshetra, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Greater Noida, and Ghaziabad, Meerut, Agra, Lucknow, to name a few.Ansal API has till date, developed and delivered more than 190 million sq ft. The company currently has a land reserve of about 9,335 acres. Project Spectrum: Integrated Townships, Condominiums, Group Housing, Malls, Shopping Complex, Hotels, SEZs, IT Parks and Infrastructure and Utility Services Latest: Raised Rs231. 4 crore through private placement of shar es with institutional investors for reducing its debt and execute ongoing projects. PARSVNATH DEVELOPERS LTD Headed by:  Pradeep Jain, ChairmanAbout:  Incorporated in July 1990 by Mr Jain in New Delhi, Parsvnath today has a substantial pan India presence in over 45 cities across 16 states. The company has emerged as one of the most progressive and multi-faceted real estate and construction entities in India. Project spectrum: Housing (premium, mid-market as well as affordable), office complexes, shopping malls & hypermarkets, hotels, multiplexes, IT Parks and SEZs. Quick fact: First real estate company to have integrated with ISO 9001, 14001 and OHSAS 18001.Latest update: Has partnered with Red Fort Capital to execute a Concession Agreement with DMRC for development of a prime Grade A office project in New Delhi’s Connaught Place. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES FROM WEST GODREJ PROPERTIES LTD Headed by:  Milind Korde, MD About:  Established in 1990, Godrej Properties Ltd ( GPL) brings the Godrej Group philosophy of innovation and excellence to the real estate industry. GPL aspires to be among India’s top three real estate companies while continuing to be the most trusted name in the industry.GPL has completed several landmark projects and is currently developing significant projects in 11 cities across India. Godrej Properties Ltd is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and The National Stock Exchange (NSE). Latest: Sold over 200 apartments within 2 days of launch of its project Godrej Frontier in Gurgaon. This is the company’s first residential project in northern India. K RAHEJA CORP Headed by:  Chandru L Raheja, Chairman About:  Incorporated in 1956, this Mumbai based real estate giant has been engaged in real estate development for more than four decades.K Raheja Corp has built residences, commercial buildings and hotels throughout India. The Group also diversified in the hospitality sector in 1981and in the retail sector in 1991. The company has several landmark projects to its credits across cities. Quick fact: K Raheja Corp has given a firm commitment to have all of its future projects undertaken anywhere in India to be Leed Certified Green Building Projects. OBEROI REALTY LTD Headed by:  Vikas Oberoi, CMD About:  Founded in 1998, the company was recently in limelight for its IPO.The Company’s consolidated total income and consolidated net profit after tax and prior period items as restated were Rs8,054. 95 million and Rs4,576. 20 million for the year ended March 31, 2010 and Rs 1658. 27 million and Rs797. 96 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010. The company has presence in Mumbai and Pune. Project Spectrum: Oberoi Realty focuses on premium, single space and mixed used development across residential, office space, retail, hospitality and social infrastructure segments. KALPATARU GROUP Headed by:  Mofatraj P Munot, PromoterAbout:  Established in 1969, Kalpataru is one of th e leading real estate development groups in India. The Group has been active primarily in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) & Pune. It is also undertaking projects in other key cities such as Hyderabad, Surat, Nagpur, Jaipur and Udaipur. The Kalpataru Group has interests in real estate development, property and project management, engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contracting for power transmission and infrastructure projects including road projects, warehousing and logistics.Project Spectrum: The focus has been on the development of premium residential, commercial, retail, integrated townships, lifestyle gated communities and redevelopment projects. DB REALTY Headed by:  Vinod Goenka and Shahid Balwa About:  It is one of India’s fastest growing real estate companies headquartered in Mumbai. The Company currently has more than 30 ultra premium projects under various stages of planning and also completion in both Mumbai and Pune. It has 20. 5 million sq ft of saleable area of ongoing projects with a projected area of 40. 5 million sq ft in forthcoming and upcoming projects.DB Realty is publicly listed company both on BSE and NSE with a market capitalisation of more than Rs10000 crore. Latest: Few months ago, it bagged the right to redevelop a large chunk of the 100-acre PWD government colony in Mumbai’s Bandra suburb. This will be one of the biggest redevelopment projects in the city. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES FROM SOUTH SOBHA DEVELOPERS LTD Headed by:  PNC Menon, Chairman About:  The Company was founded in 1995 by PNC Menon after he returned home from the Middle East where he was acclaimed for quality interiors and construction since 1977.Today, this Rs10 billion plus company is one of the largest and only backward integrated company in the construction arena. Its IPO in 2006 was oversubscribed by 126 times that created history, being the first event of its kind in Indian capital markets. Till date, Sobha has completed 47 residential projects, 13 commercial projects and 166 contractual projects covering about 36 million sq ft area in 18 cities across India (as of 31 March 2010). The company currently has 21 ongoing residential projects aggregating to 8. 5 million sq ft, while 4. 4 million sq ft of contractual projects are under various stages of construction. BRIGADE GROUP Headed by:  MR Jaishankar, CMD About:  Established in 1986, Brigade is one of South India’s leading property developers. It is headquartered in Bangalore with projects extending across several major cities in South India like Chennai, Chikmagalur, Hyderabad, Kochi, Mangalore and Mysore. Project Spectrum: Brigade has a multi-domain portfolio that covers property development, property management services, hospitality and education.Latest: Brigade recently obtained the license from the World Trade Centers Association to classify and manage its one million sq ft office tower in its mixed use project Brigade Gateway as †˜World Trade Centre Bangalore. PURAVANKARA GROUP Headed by:  Ravi Puravankara, Founder and CMD About:  Established in 1975, the Group has grown to be one of the leading real estate developers of the country, primarily in the premium housing segment. It has projects across cities like Bangalore, Chennai, Kochi, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Mysore, Kolkata and Colombo. The Group also has a presence in Dubai, UAE.With a land bank of over 125 million sq ft, the Group has above 20 million sq ft of residential and commercial space currently under construction. Latest: Recently launched Purva Venezia that recreates the beauty of Venice at Yelhanka in Bangalore. NITESH ESTATES Headed by:  Nitesh Shetty, MD About:  Founded in 2004, Nitesh Estates is an integrated property development company headquartered in Bangalore. Project Spectrum: In just six years, the Company has brought more than nine million sq ft of space under development across housing, hotels, office buildings and shopping m alls.The company is growing even faster with plans to expand its operations in other cities like Goa, Chennai, Hyderabad and Kochi. Nitesh Estates has to its credit a series of firsts: the first to win India’s largest corporate housing project (ITC Limited), one among the first few to attract FDI in real estate (Och Ziff and Citigroup) and has the distinction of bringing to India it’s very first Ritz Carlton. It has 27 ongoing and forthcoming projects in and around Bangalore and Goa. It has land bank of 19 million sq ft, which will be developed in the next 4-5 years.PRESTIGE ESTATES PROJECTS LTD Headed by:  Irfan Razack, CMD About:  Founded in 1986, Prestige has completed more than 142 projects and has 59 ongoing projects. The company has presence in Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kochi, Mysore as well as Goa. Project Spectrum: Develops projects across segments like residential, commercial, integrated township, retail, leisure & hospitality and mixed-use. Latest: P restige raised Rs12 billion rupees through its IPO recently. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES FROM EAST AMBUJA REALTY Headed by:  Harshavardhan Neotia, CMDAbout:  Ambuja Realty has been providing housing in West Bengal, in a pioneering joint venture with West Bengal Housing Board for the past 15 years under the name Bengal Ambuja. The first real estate company in Eastern India to get ISO: 9002 Certification, in 1999, Bengal Ambuja has also earned them the highest developer rating in India – DRI from ICRA, in 2003. Project Spectrum: The Group has a diversified presence across segments like residential, retail, commercial and hospitality. The company is also planning an aggressive pan-India growth strategy to deliver an unprecedented number of high-quality projects.Currently, it is building more malls, hospitals, IT Parks, luxury resorts, business hotels and are even aspiring to build a University. Latest: To invest around Rs500 crore in developing three shopping malls under the à ¢â‚¬ËœCity Centre’ brand in Raipur, Haldia and Patna. MERLIN GROUP Headed by:  Sushil Mohta, MD About:  Merlin Group is a recognized name in the realty business of India’s eastern parts. The Group has grown over past three decades with over 50 residential and commercial complexes as well as several standalone projects.Project Spectrum: Merlin Group has innovated with various formats and core projects including premium housing, essential housing, country homes and bungalows, specialty malls, office towers, IT buildings, hotels new generation clubs, and resorts, serviced apartment’s stadium and townships. It also has presence in other parts of India with its various residential and commercial projects at Chennai, Chhattisgarh and Ahmedabad. PS GROUP Founded by:  Pradip Kumar Chopra & Surendra Kumar Dugar About:  Today, the original pair of founders has grown into a group of seven players, with the second generation joining the business in right earnest.Pro ject Spectrum: PS Group is involved in the development of premium residential complexes, integrated townships, commercial buildings, hotels, IT parks and a wide range of shopping malls. The company already has completed 100 projects with Trinity Plush and intends to complete another 50 projects in the next two years. HILAND GROUP Headed by:  Nayan Basu, CEO Credited with more than 50 multi-storeyed landmark developments adorning the skyline of Kolkata, the Hiland Group has today emerged as one of the most prominent developers in Kolkata.Latest: The Group has also entered into a 50:50 joint venture with West Bengal Housing Board to form Bengal United Credit Belani Housing Ltd. Hiland Woods is the key project of this joint venture. It is a residential development catering to a mix of demographic profiles across LIG, MIG and HIG. BELANI GROUP Headed by:  Nandu Belani About:  The Company commenced operations in Kolkata in 1967 and has pioneered the business of building, promoting and developing high-rise apartments and commercial buildings in the city over the last four decades. Some of the key rojects done by this Group are Metro Towers, IDBI Building, British Deputy High Commission, Belmont Apartments, East End Gardens, Neelkamal , Shakespeare Court, Greenwoods and Palacio. The Group has presence across segments like integrated townships, residential, commercial, retail and hospitality. TOP REAL ESTATE COMPANIES TO WATCH OUT FOR We wind up our feature with five names to watch out for. TATA HOUSING DEVELOPMENT COMPANY Headed by:  Brotin Banerjee, MD & CEO About:  Tata Housing is a closely held Public Limited Company and a subsidiary of Tata Sons Ltd.Since it’s revival in 2006, Tata Housing has been focused on developing and transforming real estate development in India. With the primary business being the development of properties in residential, commercial and retail sectors, the company’s operations span across various aspects of real es tate development. With existing presence in Mumbai, Goa, Chandigarh, Bengaluru, Gurgaon, Pune, Lonavala, Talegaon and Kolkatta, the Company is in the process of expanding its projects to other parts of India across tier I and II cities.Latest: Has announced aggressive growth plans to invest over Rs2500 crore in the affordable and value homes segment by 2011. SUNIL MANTRI REALTY LTD Headed by:  Sunil Mantri About:  With substantial presence across residential, retail, commercial, office, IT parks and SEZ development, this Company is poised on the cusp of rapid growth and expansion into newer territories. The company is now poised to diversify into hospitality and financial services sector in a significant way. With 300% growth recorded in the past three years, the company is one of the fastest-growing real estate companies in India.From a presence in 2 cities, it has grown miraculously to 14 cities in India and is venturing into Malaysia to build an ICT centre in Johor. LODHA DEV ELOPERS Headed by:  Abhisheck Lodha, MD About:  Founded in 1980, Lodha Developers are primarily Mumbai based with some presence in Pune and Hyderabad. Lodha Developers provides comprehensive residential and office space solutions across real estate categories and diverse consumer segments – from luxury garden residences in South Mumbai to large integrated townships in the suburbs, from thoughtfully designed office environments to private villa retreats.The group has extended this philosophy to office spaces as well, where it was one of the first in India to introduce the concept of branded office spaces. Latest: Announcement of World One, a landmark development on a 17 acre site, slated to be the tallest residential development in the world. AKSHAYA PRIVATE LTD Headed by:  T Chitty Babu, Chairman & CEO About:  Headquartered in Chennai, Akshaya has successfully completed over 148 landmark projects in a short period of 15 years.Akshaya is one of the few CRISIL rated org anizations in Chennai’s real estate space. Akshaya’s excellence in its endeavours has also resulted in the Integrated ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004, OHSAS 18001:2007 Management System. The Integrated Management System Certification, incidentally, has been conferred on only 11 companies in India. Akshaya also achieved the feat of being one of the two companies in our country to win the SA 8000:2008 Certification (the global social accountability standard for creating employee-friendly workplace).Akshaya is now foraying into commercial and IT space while envisioning state-of-the-art shopping malls and diversified operations in other parts of South India. Latest: Recently launched its luxury project, 36-Carat, which became the only project in Chennai to get the coveted ‘Chennai-5 Star’ rating. THE 3C COMPANY Headed by:  Three directors including renowned architect Vidur Bharadwaj About:  Founded in: 2007, The 3C Company has presence in the Delhi NCR. The Company stands apart due to focus on designing and developing green projects with on schedule delivery.Its USP of developing environment friendly designs has helped it carve a niche in the real estate segment. The Company is currently developing projects worth over Rs15000 crore. Project Spectrum: The 3C Company has presence across segments such as residential, commercial, IT Parks and SEZs. Latest: After the success of three green projects, it announced the launch of another green residential project called Lotus Zing. It has tied up with Kotak Real Estate Fund for this project, which has a total capital outlay of Rs850 crore.

AIDS Controversy

The problem of AIDS in poor countries in Africa had been one of the major health problems the world is facing.   Needless to say, many have died without even having undergone medication.Perhaps one of the most pressing issues involving this problem is the commitment of big pharmaceutical companies in the United States to give away free AIDS treatments to poor African countries ridden with AIDS in exchange for its continued patent protection.The question now arises on whether this scheme of giving away free AIDS treatment would strike a balance in its continued patent protection vis-à  -vis the continuing problem of AIDS in poor African countries.A number of international non-governmental organizations have launched campaigns against pharmaceutical giants engaging in a long term endeavor to widen the access of poor people to essential medicines, to attain significant reductions on the prices of brand medicines from big pharmaceutical companies, and to support the sale and productio n of generic drugs (Poku, Whiteside, and Sandkjaer, 2007).The issue of patents on pharmaceutical products have started in the negotiations ate the World Trade Organization.   The WTO’s Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights that took effect in 1995 compels countries to include pharmaceutical products and practices in patent protection after a phase-in period associated to the level of development (Newfarmer, 2003).International intellectual property patents assure a 20-year market monopoly for new products and processes (Finkel, 2007).   Given this, no other company can enter the same market, limiting the market competition to those who have patents.â€Å"The protection of intellectual property in the biosciences on a global level has to deal with very different contexts and situations.† (Lenk, Hoppe, and Andorno, 2007).At first glance, it seems that the pharmaceutical companies are doing an altruistic effort in providing free access to AIDS treatment in poor African countries, which are ridden with AIDS epidemic in spite of the fact that they were only compelled to do so by the United States government.The main question here is not whether it is proper for the United States government to compel these pharmaceutical companies but rather on whose interests are better served with this scheme of giving away free AIDS treatment in exchange for continued patent protection.The continued patent protection of drugs relating to AIDS, in spite of the efforts to distribute free medications on AIDS in poor African countries, has detrimental effects to the victims themselves.Aside from the victims, the market itself for pharmaceutical products and processes will also suffer as they will be ruled by a monopoly of patent-holding pharmaceutical companies.The continued patent protection would further limit the access of people to AIDS treatment.If the patent protection for pharmaceutical companies is to continue, this will limit th e opportunities for other pharmaceutical companies to develop their own medication for AIDS treatment.If there will be no other pharmaceutical company that will come up with a treatment for AIDS, those infected with the disease will have no other option but to buy the only product in the market despite its high price.If the patents will be lifted, this will benefit not only those in the poor nations but everyone who has been infected with the disease as they will enjoy the benefits market competition will bring.The absence of patent protection will give other pharmaceutical companies the opportunity to develop their own products and processes aimed at treating AIDS infection.   If this happens, there will be more products available in the market.   More similar products in the market will compel pharmaceutical companies to lower their prices.

Bata India Essays

Bata India Essays Bata India Essay Bata India Essay This report discusses the detail of 1) Bata’s main line of business. 2) Its main competitors and their value chain comparison. 3) Strategy the company is following. 4) Current Costing System of the company. 5) Decision making on the basis of cost and information. 6) Decisions are being taken using management accounting information. To summarise the above points we know that Bata is the fastest growing footwear brand in the country with a presence across 400 cities.The brand offers a wide range of comfortable, stylish and trendy footwear at affordable prices, ensuring there is something in the collection for everyone. The USP of the brand lies in the fact that they have successfully made fashion and durability so affordable and accessible to all. This explains why Bata India sells over 45 million pairs of footwear every year and serves over 120,000 customers every day. Today, Bata India is the largest retailer and leading manufacturer of footwear in India.Bata’s main com petitors are Mirza Intl, Liberty Shoes, Crew B. O. S; Bhartiya Inter. In this report we have compared the Value chains of Bata India Ltd and liberty Shoes Ltd which says that Bata has a competitive advantage over Liberty shoes. Bata follows backward integration and are not dependent on some third party for procurement of raw materials which makes it cost effective. Apart from this Bata has a huge competitive advantage over Liberty in the area of sales and distribution channel. Bata follows Cost leadership strategy.The company enjoys the highest market share in India and this is evident from the fact that the total retail presence of the company currently is more than thrice that of its closest competitor (Liberty: 381 stores). Bata has over 15% market share in Organized Retail market and around 6. 5% share in unorganized retail. Bata is produces its own raw material to improve its profitability. Bata reduces its cost by demand based production, setting up manufacturing base in tax-f ree locations, using different mix for footwear production with cheaper raw material.Also, they started cutting some cost through sales and distribution network, which is really huge distribution network. Bata earlier concentrated only on manufacturing footwear and selling them anyhow but in recent times it has changed its image of the production oriented company to affordable, market driven, fashion conscious, lifestyle brand and hence the decision to reposition. The Company has been focusing on consumers and market demand which will reduce inventories and improve sales-to-stock turnover. Bata has also adopted cost cutting strategies without any compromise on style, quality and design.Management Accounting Project: Company selected – Bata India Ltd. a. What is the company’s main line of business and which sector? Bata India is the largest retailer and leading manufacturer of footwear in India and is a part of the Bata Shoe Organization. b. Who are the main competitors ? Bata India’s main competitors are Mirza Intl, Liberty Shoes, Crew B. O. S; Bhartiya Inter. Bata has the highest market share compared to all its competitors. c. Try to compare and contrast the value chains of the two companies.Value Chain Analysis describes the activities that take place in a business and relates them to an analysis of the competitive strength of the business. The activities of a business could be grouped under two headings: (1) Primary Activities those that are directly concerned with creating and delivering a product (e. g. component assembly) (2) Support Activities not directly involved in production, may increase effectiveness or efficiency. The following come under support activities: Procurement Technology Development Human Resource management Firm infrastructureIt is rare for a business to undertake all primary and support activities. BATA INDIA LTD. : Operations (Backward integration)- Company’s own tanneries located in Batanagar and Mokame hghat insures uninterrupted supply of raw material. Now they are not dependant on some third party for procurement of raw material. Sales and distribution- Bata operated through exclusive chain of executive own and franchise stores located in prime location country wide. Bata owns network of 300 exclusive wholesalers who serviced 30,000 retail outlets throughout country.Overall it has over 1,600 showrooms, 27 wholesale depots and 8 distribution centers across the country. Technological resources- In 2004, Bata installed point of sale management information system (POS), for providing sales and inventory information across the company’s stores. This provides company to plan production and optimize inventory level. LIBERTY SHOES LTD. : Technology – It has introduced a new material called TPU (Thermo Plastic Urethane), for high quality footwear, into the country. This material has better properties than PVC or TPR (conventional materials used for footwear).Liberty has als o been instrumental in introducing EVA (Ethyl Vinyl Acetate), which is a direct injection moulding used for making sole for the first time in Asia. This technology uses very light material amp; the footwear is made with the direct injection system. Liberty also pioneered the PU (Poly Urethane) Technology in India for the footwear industry. Besides these Thermo Plastic Elastomer has been developed for the first time in India at Liberty. A CAD/CAM design centre is in place at Liberty. The Sympatex waterproof technology in footwear was pioneered by also Liberty.Liberty is also the first company to market PPE products for safety purpose. Operations- Gharaunda is the first plant of its kind in this part of Asia that is equipped with Desma machines for PU Direct Injection Moulding. Using PUF technology and Computer Aided Systems this vertically integrated plant produces Industrial Safety Shoes that are made to European standards. Sympatex TEX booties as well as ordinary booties are also m ade here. Beside these Gharaunda has a design centre where an ambitious team of young designers working in tandem with experienced technologists. . Which strategy do the companies follow? Cost Leadership, Differentiation or Focus? Bata India Ltd. follows Cost Leadership strategy. Cost optimization and margin improvement: The Company is focusing on margin improvement and cost effectiveness programs which have started yielding results. The Company has initiated strict control on costs in purchases and outsourcing and is looking at global sourcing for raw materials to improve the net realization. The Company has also been clearing old merchandize through discount sales, write offs, etc. hich will enable it to focus on improving sales. e. The reflections about the current costing systems of the company? Currently the company is mainly focusing mainly on cost reducing strategies which are as follows: 1. Cost optimization: Strict control on costs in purchases and outsourcing. It is produ cing its own raw materials to improve its profitability. 2. Demand based production: The Company is focusing on consumers and market demand which will reduce inventories and improve sales-to-stock turnover. 3.Tax-free zone manufacturing base: After Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal the company is looking at and negotiating with the third party manufacturing facilities in two other tax-free states of Assam and Jammu and Kashmir. 4. Cost-cutting: Raw material used for used for 33% of total cost. Now Bata identified this problem and started using different mix for footwear production with cheaper raw material. Also, they started cutting some cost through sales and distribution network, which is really huge distribution network. f. How do the companies manage cost and use the information for decision making and control?Cost management in BATA : 1. BATA tried to reduce the costs of raw material. For this it tries to use different mix for footwear production with cheaper raw material. 2. I t also tried to reduce costs through sales and distribution network which is a very huge distribution network. So they continued to invest in expanding retail business. 3. They also tried to generate skilled manpower and cut costs through manpower reduction. 4. They reduced the inventory costs by clearing the existing merchandize by offering discounts. g. What decisions are being taken using management accounting information? 1. Decision to reposition:Bata earlier concentrated only on manufacturing footwear and selling them anyhow but in recent times it has changed its image of the production oriented company to affordable, market driven, fashion conscious, lifestyle brand and hence the decision to reposition. 2. Decision to produce based on logistics and demand: To optimise the utilisation of production facilities the logistics team focuses on obtaining orders from the market for the best selling designs and sizes and ensures that all raw materials are available in the factories we ll in time so that the Company can produce and place in shops the products that consumers want.Thus the Company has been focusing on consumers and market demand which will reduce inventories and improve sales-to-stock turnover. 3. Training and restructuring the frontline sales force: The Company has reorganized its front line sales force. It has undertaken an intensive training programme for its shop assistants and managers to ensure excellence in service to customers. It has also undertaken a rural marketing thrust wherein its reach is rapidly growing. It is recruiting managers with fresh ideas to inspire and empower the workforce with the requisite skills. . Bata uses technology like installation of point of sale management information system to keep an update about the inventory level, sale figure etc. 5. Bata also adopted the cost cutting strategy through use of different mix of raw materials for footwear production and also through sales and distribution but without any comprom ise on the style, quality and design of the product as it endeavours to break the myth of price factor by producing economy range of good quality and stylish products.RECOMMENDATIONS: ) The main recommendation we can give Bata is to repositioning itself. In India we still believe that Bata is just a company which produces footwear for school goers, office goers and regular use footwear like slippers and snickers. Bata is still trying to change its image of production oriented company to affordable, market driven, fashion conscious, lifestyle brand. Today they have a huge shoe line with a huge range of new designs on offer. To name a few they are Marie Claire, Weinbrenner, North Star, Power, Hush Puppies, Dr.Scholls, Ambassador, Bubblegummer etc but only a few segment of people know about this. So Bata must back their campaign through TVC’s, print media and word of mouth. 2) According to the survey conducted by Bata in African continent it was observed that people were not wea ring shoes at all. This means that there is a high scope of marketing shoes in African continent as no one has shoes. References: www. bata. in www. wikinvest. com www. moneycontrol. com www. inrnews. com www. scribd. com

Examples of Interviewing Techniques

Examples of Interviewing Techniques In composition, an interview is a  conversation in which one person (the interviewer) elicits information from another person (the subject or interviewee). A transcript or account of such a conversation is also called an interview. The interview is both a research method and a popular form of nonfiction. EtymologyFrom the Latin, between see Methods and Observations Interviewing Tips The following interviewing tips have been adapted from Chapter 12, Writing about People: The Interview, of William Zinssers book On Writing Well (HarperCollins, 2006). Choose as your subject someone whose job [or experience] is so important or so interesting or so unusual that the average reader would want to read about that person. In other words, choose someone who touches some corner of the readers life.Before the interview, make a list of questions to ask your subject.Get people talking. Learn to ask questions that will elicit answers about what is most interesting or vivid in their lives.Take notes during the interview. If you have trouble keeping up with your subject, just say, Hold it a minute, please, and write until you catch up.Use a combination of direct quotations and summaries. If the speakers conversation is ragged, ... the writer has no choice but to clean up the English and provide the missing links... Whats wrong... is to fabricate quotes or to surmise what someone might have said. To get the facts right, remember that you can call [or revisit] the person you interviewed. Honor Moore When I first began talking to people, I tended to monopolize the conversation, to steer my subject to my own interpretation of Margaretts life. Listening to my tapes, I learned that I often interrupted people just before they were about to tell me something I never would have suspected, so now I tried to let the subject guide the interview and to encourage the interviewees anecdotes. I came to understand that I was interviewing people not to substantiate my own theories but to learn Margaretts story.–Twelve Years and Counting: Writing Biography. Writing Creative Nonfiction, 2001 Elizabeth Chiseri-Strater and Bonnie Stone-Sunstein When we interview, we are not extracting information like a dentist pulls a tooth, but we make meaning together like two dancers, one leading and one following. Interview questions range between closed and open. Closed questions are like those we fill out in popular magazines or application forms: How many years of schooling have you had? Do you rent your apartment? Do you own a car?... Some closed questions are essential for gathering background data,... [but] these questions often yield single phrase answers and can shut down further talk...Open questions, by contrast, help elicit your informants perspective and allow for more conversational exchange. Because there is no single answer to open-ended questions, you will need to listen, respond, and follow the informants lead...Here are some very general open questions- sometimes called experimental and descriptive- that try to get the informant to share experiences or to describe them from his or her own point of view: Tell me more about the time when...Describe the people who were most important to...Describe the first time you...Tell me about the person who taught you about...What stands out for you when you remember...Tell me the story behind that interesting item you have.Describe a typical day in your life. When thinking of questions to ask an informant, make your informant your teacher.–FieldWorking: Reading and Writing Research, 1997 John McPhee In the way that a documentary-film crew can, by its very presence, alter a scene it is filming, a tape recorder can affect the milieu of an interview. Some interviewees will shift their gaze and talk to the recorder rather than to you. Moreover, you may find yourself not listening to the answer to a question you have asked. Use a tape recorder, yes, but maybe not as a first choice- more like a relief pitcher.–Elicitation. The New Yorker, April 7, 2014

Issues currently occurring in the hospitality industry Article

Issues currently occurring in the hospitality industry - Article Example The author discusses the different approaches of research and their implications in organizational science and provides guidelines as to the ways of improving the credibility and value of research. The second article discusses the importance of competence in frontline management and the different methods of assessing the level of competence among students and managers with respect to frontline management in hospitality sector. The major issues faced by the global hospital industry are the changing demographics of the world which are impacting the trends within the travel industry. The emerging markets across the world, the shortage of labour and skills, innovations in technology, availability of capital, restrictions imposed in the travel industry, the increasing costs of constructions, balancing the expenses with the immediate need of increasing the rates and distribution revolution are the major factors affecting the global hospitality industry. Article 1: The importance of research tools and methods are critical in deciding the success of the hospitality industry, especially in the light of the changing global scenario. The various factors affecting the major changes in the trends of the hospitality industry can be effectively analysed through the use of different research tools and an increased level of collaboration between the research of academicians and practitioners (Dougherty and Westley, 2001). The author indicates that the proper use of research can create value for the hospitality industry. An approach of research through the practitioners is especially critical as the practitioners have a first-hand experience and can strongly indicate the customer satisfaction factors. Using a careful balance between the theoretical and practical aspects of a research work is necessary to create value for the research. The practitioners can contribute to the practical approaches to